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Bangga Pacitan - Pacitan Tourism and Culture Official Website
Sejarah Pacitan Masuk Wilayah Administrasi Jawa Timur
PACITAN – Pernahkah Anda berfikir mengapa Pacitan yang secara kultur kebudayaan mengikuti Jawa Tengah justru termasuk wilayah administratif Jawa Timur?
Padahal secara kultur kebudayaan masih kental dengan Jogja atau Jateng? Jika memang dulu Pacitan termasuk wilayah Mataram, kapan berpindah menjadi wilayah jatim? Apa alasannya?
Memang, Kabupaten Pacitan menjadi salah satu wilayah yang masuk dalam kawasan Mataraman. Sebuah wilayah yang terdiri dari beberapa kabupaten di Jawa Timur.
Isitilah Mataraman sendiri merujuk pada suatu wilayah kebudayaan di Jawa Timur yang meliputi bekas wilayah Karesidenan Madiun dan Kediri karena wilayah tersebut pernah dikuasai oleh Kesultanan Mataram.
Di sejumlah kekuasaan itu kemudian dibentuk wilayah karesidenan. Setelah Perang Jawa berakhir pada 1830, Kesultanan Mataram menyerahkan karesidenan tersebut kepada pemerintah Hindia Belanda.
Kemudian pada tahun 1957 pemerintah Republik Indonesia menghapus karesidenan sebagai pembagian administratif negara.
Penjelasan dalam tulisan oleh tim riset Banggapacitan.com ini mengacu dari buku Kisah Brang Wetan : Berdasarkan Babad Alit dan Babadé Nagara Patjitan.
Jika kita melihat Dutch Colonial Maps, hampir semua peta-peta Residentie Madioen hingga 1867 tidak mencantumkan Patjitan di dalamnya melainkan secara terpisah sebagai “assistent residentie” (pembantu residen).
Peta Residen Madiun 1859 (Tidak ada wilayah Pacitan seperti saat ini) - Sumber: KITLV
Peta Asisten Residen Pacitan 1859 - Sumber: KITLV
Mengapa demikian? Karena dalam perkembangan sejarah Pacitan, awal mula berdirinya Pacitan masih termasuk dalam wilayah kekuasaan Keraton Surakarta Hadiningrat.
Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan diangkatnya Bupati Pacitan yang pertama yaitu Raden Tumenggung Notopuro (1745-1757) oleh Keraton Surakarta.
Hingga ketika Pangeran Mangkubumi menjadi Sultan pertama di Keraton Yogyakarta (Perjanjian Giyanti, 1755), beliau membagi tanah mancanagari (tanah yang berada di luar keraton) menjadi dua, sebagian ikut pemerintahan Kasunanan Surakarta, dan sebagian di bawah Kesultanan Yogyakarta.
Berdasarkan peta Perjanjian Giyanti, wilayah Patjitan terbagi menjadi dua yaitu:
Wilayah Ngerjoso (Sekarang Desa Sukoharjo, Pacitan) dan beberapa daerah di sekitarnya (Lorok hingga Panggul) ikut pemerintahan Surakarta.
Wilayah Nanggungan ke barat ikut pemerintahan keraton Yogyakarta.
Dari bukti-bukti sejarah yang kuat ini, dapat bisa diampil kesimpulan bahwa kultur kebudayaan Pacitan masih sangat kental mengikuti Surakarta maupun Yogyakarta.
Namun pertanyaannya, kenapa Pacitan justru termasuk bagian wilayah di Jawa Timur? Kenapa tidak D.I.Yogyakarta atau Jawa Tengah?
Karena setelah berakhirnya Perang Jawa (1825-1830), Keraton Yogyakarta tak ubahnya hanya sebagai pemerintahan simbolik. Secara de-facto pemerintahan diatur dan dikendalikan langsung oleh Gubernur Jenderal Hindia Belanda.
Dalam peperangan yang dipimpin oleh Pangeran Diponegoro ini menyebabkan Belanda banyak mengalami kerugian.
Biaya 20 juta gulden nilai uang waktu itu lenyap begitu saja. Ditambah beberapa fasilitas umum mengalami kerusakan yang sangat besar.
Hal ini membuat Belanda melakukan penyederhanaan dan perampingan birokrasi dengan memangkas beberapa wilayah kekuasaan Keraton Surakarta dan Yogyakarta sehingga Pacitan secara resmi menjadi wilayah Gubernemen dan digabungkan ke dalam Residentie Madioen pada 1867 bersama afdeeling lain, yaitu Madioen, Ngawi, Magetan, dan Ponorogo.
Peta Residen Madiun 1867 - Sumber: KITLV
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